Lesson: Analogies - 16

Types of Analogy 5

Analogies "Type, Form, or Example"

In this type of relationship, one word is a type, example, form, or variety of the other word. Look for one of these three distinct patterns to help you refine the relationship:

Specific example or category

Neutral vs. negative form

Difference in dee, rate, scale, extent, amount, quantity

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE OR CATEGORY

“A ________ is one category of ________ .”

“A ________ is an example of ________ .”

WOODWIND : INSTRUMENT

ANTHOLOGY : COLLECTION (an anthology is a collection of writings)

CALORIE : MEASUREMENT (a calorie is a unit of measurement for heat)

NEUTRAL VS. NEGATIVE FORM

“To ________ is to ________ in an unlawful/immoral/harmful manner.”

“________ is a negative/bad/poor form of ________ .”

“To ________ is to ________ , but with an improper purpose.”

SCRIBBLE : WRITE (Remember this pair from earlier in the chapter?)

MOCK : MIMIC (to mock is to ridicule, typically through mimicry)

PEDANT : SCHOLAR (a pedant makes an excessive show of learning)

DIFFERENCE IN DEE, RATE, SCALE, EXTENT, AMOUNT, QUANTITY

“________ takes ________ to an extreme.”

“________ is a faster/larger/stronger form of ________ .”

“________ is the same as ________ but on a larger scale.”

SOLICIT : CANVASS (to canvass is to solicit orders from a group)

COUNSEL : ADMONISH (to counsel is to advise; to admonish is to strongly urge)

MALAISE : DISTRAUGHT (malaise means “uneasiness”; distraught means

“troubled or distressed”)

Example

Example Solution

Explanation

The correct answer is (D). UNIVERSAL (occurring everywhere) takes PREVALENT (common) to an extreme. Does corrupt take mercenary to an extreme? No. Mercenary means “motivated by money rather than loyalty.” A mercenary might be considered corrupt, but the relationship is not one of dee. Choice (A) is not correct. Does frequent take sporadic to an extreme? No. Sporadic means “occasional or infrequent”; so the two words are opposite in meaning. Eliminate choice (B). Does trendy take stylish to an extreme? No. The two words are synonyms, except that trendy has a somewhat negative connotation, whereas stylish has a positive one. You can eliminate choice (C) as well. Infantile (babyish or childish) takes juvenile (young or immature) to an extreme, so choice (D) is a good analogy. Does twisted take flexible to an extreme? No. Something flexible is not necessarily twisted at all, so choice (E) is out.

Be careful to distinguish between patterns 2 and 3 of the type, form, or example analogies above. A negatively charged word is not necessarily an extreme word. In the question above, for instance, trendy provides a negative spin on stylish, but is trendiness considered “extreme” or “heightened” stylishness? No.

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