Science and Technology MCQ Set 56
Showing question 276 to 280 of total 301 MCQs
MCQ Set: 56
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Question No: 276
Which company announced it will be building the Digital Twin Map of the Real World?
- MapMyFuture
- Apple
- Google
- MapMyIndia
Answer and Explanation
Answer: D
Explanation
During this conference, MapMyIndia, a domestic mapping and navigation services provider announced it will be creating the Digital Twin of the Real World.
This Real View Digital Map Twin will capture, recognize and publish real-as-life 3D and 360-degree maps of both outdoors and indoors through GPS, laser and panoramic camera sensors, embedded on top of ground-based vehicles, back-packs, trains, flying drones, and trolleys that can move quickly indoors.
MapmyIndia's Real View platform can be updated continuously using the company's IoT (Internet of Things) platform, called InTouch.
It's claimed to be capable of processing enormous streams of real-time video and data from vehicle sensors and other crowd reports based on traffic and road conditions.
The company will also be using the eLoc Digital Address System to simplify the identification and communication of every address, place and object in the real world.
To further its efforts in this direction, MapmyIndia announced that it has acquired Bengaluru-based VIDTEQ, renowned for its video mapping solutions.
VIDTEQ is claimed to have video mapped more than 20 cities in India.
The company uses its VideoMap technology to address location and direction information for builders, schools, colleges, resorts and other businesses.
Question No: 277
Which potent molecules have Bengaluru scientists developed to combat TB?
- Acetylated compound
- Acteylated benzozylated compound
- Relacin molecules
- Both a and b
Answer and Explanation
Answer: D
Explanation
Scientists at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bengaluru have developed two new, potent molecules that can severely impact the survival of mycobacteria.
This is including Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes TB.
Unlike most antibiotics that target the bacterial metabolism by aiming at the cellular components, the novel molecules inhibit the stress response pathway of mycobacteria.
The stress response pathway is crucial for bacteria to survive during hostile conditions such as lack of nutrients and the presence of antibiotics, to name a few.
So any inhibition of this pathway will lead to its death.
The master regulator of stress pathway in the case of mycobacteria is (p)ppGpp (Guanosine pentaphospahte or Guanosine tetraphosphate).
Though a molecule that inhibits the (p)ppGpp formation has already been synthesised, the efficacy is not much.
Very high concentration of Relacin molecule is needed to inhibit the pathway and, therefore, the efficacy is low.
So scientists synthesised two new molecules - acetylated compound (AC compound) and acetylated benzoylated compound (AB compound) - by bringing about a modification in the base of the Relacin molecule.
The two compounds affected the rate of synthesis of (p)ppGpp and also reduced the cell survival.” Additionally, the two molecules were not toxic to human cells and were able to penetrate the human lung epithelial cells.
“The Alarmone molecule “(p)ppgpp”, a modified nucleotide, is ubiquitous in bacteria and absent in humans.
Inhibiting (p)ppgpp synthesis would specifically target the survival of bacteria without having any effects on humans.
Earlier studies have shown that when the rel gene is deleted, the long-term survival ability under stress was lost.
Under hostile conditions, bacteria tend to form biofilms, which protect the bacteria from stress and induce tolerance to antibiotics.
Recent studies have shown that tuberculosis bacteria that cannot form a biofilm cannot survive inside the host. Evidences have shown that at the time of infection, the M. tuberculosis display a biofilm-like phenotype and this helps the bacteria to survive inside the host.
Both M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis that do have the Rel gene cannot form a biofilm.
Studies carried out by the researchers showed that both the molecules were able to inhibit biofilm formation by M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis and also disrupt the already formed biofilm.
Question No: 278
Which new species of herbivore dinosaur living 125 million years ago was discovered by scientists in April 2017?
- Moabosaurus utahensis
- Coabosaurus utahensis
- Doabosaurus utahensis
- Toabosaurus utahensis
Answer and Explanation
Answer: A
Explanation
Scientists have discovered a new species of a herbivorous dinosaur that lived about 125 million years ago.
The new species belongs to a group of herbivores known as sauropods, which includes giants such as Brontosaurus and Brachiosaurus, who had long necks and pillar-like legs.
This is according to researchers from the Brigham Young University (BYU) in the U.S.
The bones of the dinosaur called Moabosaurus utahensis were assembled using bones extracted over the course of four decades.
Moabosaurus is most closely related to species found in Spain and Tanzania, which tells researchers that during its time, there were still intermittent physical connections between Europe, Africa and North America.
Moabosaurus lived in Utah at a time when the region was filled with large trees, plentiful streams, lakes and dinosaurs, researchers said.
A previous study indicates that a large number of Moabosaurus and other dinosaurs died in a severe drought.
Survivors trampled their fallen companions’ bodies, crushing their bones.
Question No: 279
What does SERP stand for in the context of CSIR-NOI and oceanography?
- Seabed Restore Event Profiler
- Seabed Reset Event Profiler
- Seabed Resident Event Profiler
- None of the above
Answer and Explanation
Answer: C
Explanation
Scientists at CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) have developed a robotic platform, Seabed Resident Event Profiler (SREP).
This is a platform that is capable of being stationed at any water depth from 0-200 metres to track the oceanic processes.
The robot has been designed to regularly record the water column information at every 10 to 25 cm during every profile four times a day.
The robot was tested during the recent voyage of RV Sindhu Sadhana, the latest state of the art research vessel of NIO.
The SREP robot has been designed particularly to carry out studies related to the monsoon, global climate and upwelling.
Upwelling is a phenomenon associated with the monsoon that sees the migration of deep sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) towards the coast.
It also brings the nutrient-rich water to the surface and enhances the biological productivity of the region.
Several sensors attached to SREP is capable of detecting the conditions associated with upwelling such as low temperature, low oxygen, high nutrients, and changes in density patterns etc.
This enables SREP to effectively track upwelling during June to September.
Upwelling is an important phenomenon for the ecosystem sustenance and fishery. Similarly, since south-west monsoon forms the backbone of the country’s economy, knowing the conditions for its onset forms one of the major goals of Seabed Resident Event Profiler.
The robot in its final configuration will be capable of sitting on the seabed for 100 days continuously to track the oceanic processes in the upcoming monsoon season.
CSIR-NIO: Know More
CSIR-NIO CSIR-NIO was established on 1 January 1966.
Its headquarters are at Dona Paula, Goa.
It has regional centres at Kochi, Mumbai and Visakhapatnam.
CSIR-NIO was established following the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) in the 1960s. CSIR-NIO primarily focuses on research over traditional branches of oceanography such as biological, chemical, geological/geophysical.
It also involves physical as well as over ocean engineering, marine instrumentation and marine archaeology.
Question No: 280
Which group besides insurers is applicable for the IRDAI web portal for registering and selling policies online?
- Insurance intermediaries
- . NBFCs
- Merchant Banks
- RRBs
Answer and Explanation
Answer: A
Explanation
The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has launched a web portal for insurers that will allow them to register and sell policies online.
The portal - isnp.irda.gov.in - is also open to intermediaries in insurance business.
IRDAI had issued guidelines on e-commerce for insurance sector.
IRDAI indicated insurance companies, brokers and corporate agents can sell and service insurance policies through this platform.
Insurers and intermediaries can create a login credential for registration and submit ISNP application form on the portal.
In its guidelines issued in March, IRDAI allowed that companies may offer discounts to customers if their policies are sold through e-commerce websites.