Logical Reasoning MCQ Set 16

Testifying before the Senate committee investigating charges that cigarette manufacturers had manipulated nicotine levels in cigarettes in order to addict consumers to their products, tobacco executives argued that cigarette smoking is not addictive. The primary reason they gave in support of this claim was that cigarette smoking was not regulated by the Federal Drug Administration.
For the tobacco executives' argument to be logically correct, which of the following must be assumed?

1. Substances that are not addictive are not regulated by the Federal Drug Administration.
2. The tobacco executives lied when they claimed that cigarette smoking was not addictive.
3. Some addictive substances are not regulated by the Federal Drug Administration.
4. There is no scientific proof that cigarette smoking is addictive.
5. Substances that are not regulated by the Federal Drug Administration are not addictive.

People should be held accountable for their own behavior, and if holding people accountable for their own behavior entails capital punishment, then so be it. However, no person should be held accountable for behavior over which he or she had no control.
Which of the following is the most logical conclusion of the argument above?

1. People should not be held accountable for the behavior of other people.
2. People have control over their own behavior.
3. People cannot control the behavior of other people.
4. Behavior that cannot be controlled should not be punished.
5. People have control over behavior that is subject to capital punishment.

There is clear evidence that the mandated use of safety seats by children under age four has resulted in fewer child fatalities over the past five years. Compared to the five-year period prior to the passage of laws requiring the use of safety seats, fatalities of children under age four have decreased by 30 percent.
Which one of the following, if true, most substantially strengthens the argument above?

1. The number of serious automobile accidents involving children under age four has remained steady over the past five years.
2. Automobile accidents involving children have decreased sharply over the past five years.
3. The use of air bags in automobiles has increased by 30 percent over the past five years.
4. Most fatal automobile accidents involving children under age four occur in the driveway of their home.
5. The number of teenage drivers has increased by 30 percent over the past five years.

Lycopene, glutathione, and glutamine are powerful antioxidants that neutralize the free radicals that are produced in the body as a result of routine bodily processes. An excess of these free radicals in your system causes rapid aging because they accelerate the rate of cellular damage. Aging is simply the result of this damage. Thus, to slow down aging it is necessary to supplement your diet with these antioxidants on a daily basis.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the author's contention?

1. Most persons aren't concerned with the effects of aging until it is too late to do anything.
2. Exercise associated with normal daily activities effectively neutralizes and dissipates the free radicals that are produced as a result of routine bodily processes.
3. The cost of antioxidants is exorbitantly high and well beyond the budget of most consumers.
4. Only overweight people who do not exercise on a daily basis are likely to have an excess of free radicals in their systems.
5. Smoking cigarettes is one of the main causes of cellular damage in humans.

Is it wrong for doctors to lie about their patients' illnesses? Aren't doctors just like any other people we hire to do a job for us? Surely, we would not tolerate not being told the truth about the condition of our automobile from the mechanic we hired to fix it, or the condition of our roof from the carpenter we employed to repair it. Just as these workers would be guilty of violating their good faith contracts with us if they were to do this, doctors who lie to their patients about their illnesses violate these contracts as well, and this is clearly wrong.
The conclusion of the argument is best expressed by which of the following?

1. Doctors who lie to their patients about their illnesses violate their good faith contracts with their patients.
2. Doctors often lie to their patients about their illnesses.
3. Doctors are just hired workers like mechanics and carpenters.
4. It is wrong for doctors to lie about their patients' illnesses.
5. Doctors, like mechanics and carpenters, enter into good faith contracts with us when we hire them.

As any economist knows, healthy people pose less of an economic burden to society than unhealthy people. Not surprisingly, then, every dollar our state government spends on prenatal care for undocumented immigrants will save taxpayers of this state three dollars.
Which of the following, if true, would best explain why the statistics cited above are not surprising?

1. The state's taxpayers pay for prenatal care of all immigrants.
2. Babies born in this state to undocumented immigrant parents are entitled to infant care benefits from the state.
3. State benefits for prenatal care serve to promote undocumented immigration.
4. Babies whose mothers did not receive prenatal care are just as healthy as other babies.
5. Pregnant women who do not receive prenatal care are more likely to experience health problems than other pregnant women.