Lesson: Analogies - 20

Analogies: Types - Evidence or Result

In this relationship, one word provides evidence of the other one. Look for three distinct patterns to help you refine the relationship:

Cause-and-effect (natural or likely outcome or consequence)

Process and product (the result is intentional)

Symptom, sign, or manifestation

CAUSE-AND-EFFECT

“If ________ occurs, so will ________ .”

“________ is a by-product of ________ .”

BOREDOM : MONOTONY

OBSOLESCENCE : INNOVATION

INJURY : REMISS (remiss means “negligent or neglectful”)

PROCESS AND PRODUCT

“You create a ________ by the process of ________ .”

“________ is the intentional result of ________ .”

SMOOTH : SHAVE

COFFEE : BREW

DEAL : NEGOTIATE

SYMPTOM, SIGN, OR MANIFESTATION

“________ is an indication that ________ has occurred.”

“________ is one possible symptom of ________ .”

TUMOR : CANCER

BLUSH : EMBARRASSED

ISOLATION : MISANTHROPE (a misanthrope is a person who hates or distrusts humankind)

Example

Example Solution

Explanation

The correct answer is (D). To SHUN is to avoid or ignore. One who disapproves of the behavior of another might show that DISAPPROVAL by shunning the other person. So “shunning is one possible sign of disapproval,” yet not a defining characteristic of it. Is envy one possible sign of gluttony? No. Gluttony means “excessive hunger or craving,” so the two words are unrelated. Choice (A) isn’t a good answer choice. Is giving one possible sign of ed? No.

Taking, not giving, is a possible sign of ed, so choice (B) is out. Is lying one possible sign of insincerity? No. It is a defining characteristic, so choice (C) can be eliminated. Is a nap a possible sign of relaxation? Yes, although it’s not a defining characteristic. Choice (D) is a good analogy. Is persisting a possible sign of incontinence? No. Incontinence means “lack of control over one’s bodily urges,” so the two words are somewhat contrary in meaning.

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