Logical Reasoning MCQ Set 3

Question: In 1992, 5 percent of every dollar paid in tax went to support the unemployed citizens. In 1998, 8 percent of every dollar paid in tax went to such funds, although that unemployment rate has decreased in 1998 than in 1992.
Each of the following, if true, could explain the simultaneous increase in percent of every dollar paid in tax to support the unemployed citizens and decrease in the number of unemployment rate EXCEPT:

1. On average, each unemployed citizen received more money in 1998 than 1992.
2. On average, people paid less tax in 1998 ‍than in 1992.
3. The individuals had paid more tax than did enterprises during this period.
4. Income before tax has significantly decreased since 1992.
5. The number of tax evaders rose sharply between 1992 and 1998.

Question: Something must be done to stop spam. In early days, people seldom received unsolicited email advertisement; but now that numerous bulk email software and email address finders are developed to collect email address all around the world. Advertisers use email addresses to market their products and even sell such email lists to other advertisers. As a result, almost everyone ever get junk email, and sometime several and even tens of annoying emails a day. So, relevant anti-spam regulations should be framed to stop unsolicited advertising.
The two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

1. Background that the argument depends on and conclusion that can be drawn from the argument.
2. Part of evidence that the argument includes, and inference that can be drawn from this passage.
3. Pre-evidence that the argument depends on and part of evidence that supports the conclusion.
4. Background that argument depends on and part of evidence that supports the conclusion.
5. Pre-evidence that argument includes and a method that helps to supports that conclusion.

Question: Stock analyst: "We believe Company A's stock will appreciate at 35% a year for the next 5 to 7 years. Company A just became the leader in its industry and we expect its sales to grow at 8% a year." Commentator: "But how can the stock's price be expected to grow more quickly than the company's underlying sales?"
Which of the following facts would best support the stock analyst?

1. The company's expenses will be declining over the next 5 to 10 years.
2. The company just won a patent on a new product.
3. Company A's stock is currently overvalued by a significant amount.
4. The 5 to 7 year time frame is too long for anyone to accurately forecast.
5. Company A's industry peer group is expected to experience stock appreciation rates of 30% over the same time horizon.

Question: Acme brand aspirin claims to be the best headache relief available on the market today. To prove this claim, Acme called 10 people and asked them their thoughts on headache relief products. All 10 of them stated that they unequivocally use Acme brand aspirin on a regular basis and that they believe it to be the best headache relief available on the market today.
Which of the following would most weaken this argument?

1. Acme brand aspirin is highly addictive.
2. The 10 people called were married to the company's top 10 executives, and they were coached on what to say.
3. Most people choose to suffer silently through their headaches and take no medicines whatsoever.
4. This survey was conducted by an independent company.
5. The 10 people were selected at random.

Question: My neighbor's dogs bark and howl every time their owner lets them outside. My CPA told me that dogs tend to bark and howl when they see birds resting in the top branches of their favorite trees. I personally believe they bark and howl because they enjoy disrupting my meditations. Which of the following can be inferred from the preceding passage?

1. The dogs must be abused by their owners.
2. The dogs' owners do not care how they are viewed by their neighbors.
3. There are many pedestrians who walk by this neighbor's house, and the dogs are starving for attention.
4. The dogs enjoy being outside.
5. The dogs will bark and howl at 3 a.m. if they are outside at that time.

Question: Most citizens are very conscientious about observing a law when they can see the reason behind it. For instance, there has been very little need to actively enforce the recently-implemented law that increased the penalty for motorists caught leaving a gas station without paying for gas they had pumped into their vehicles. This is because citizens are very conscientious of the high cost of gasoline and they know that stealing gas will only further increase the price of gasoline for everyone.
Which of the following statements would the author of this passage be most likely to believe?

1. The increased penalty alone is a significant motivation for most citizens to obey the law.
2. There are still too many inconsiderate citizens in the local community.
3. High gasoline prices can be brought down if everyone does his or her part and pays for the gasoline they use at the pumps.
4. Society should make an effort to teach citizens the reasons for its laws. People would be more likely to speed on a stretch of deserted highway than to not pay for gasoline.